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ISEA Today in History - March
Today in History
March
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1st
1943 Britain's Royal Airforce starts bombing European railway systems.
1954 US announces that it has conducted a hydrogen bomb test at Bikini Atoll.
1981 Irish republican army member, Bobby Sands starts hunger strike at Maze Prison in Northern Ireland. He dies 65 days later.
2nd
1791 John Wesley, founder of Methodism, died. 1850 Teetotal Society formed in Dunedin
1855 Tsar Nicholas I of Russia, whose reign of militarism ended with the Crimea War, died. 1865 Rev. Carl Volkner killed at Opotiki by Hau Hau.
1866 First ascent of Mt Cook by Rev. Green.
1919 First Communist international meeting takes place in Moscow.
1939 Egyptologist Howard Carter who discovered King tutankhamun's tomb, died. 1946 Ho Chi Minh is elected President of North Vietnam. 1988 Poland's Communist Party admitted to anti-semitism during the country's 1968 purge of liberals and academics.
1997 Hundreds of farmers protested in Lueneburg, Germany against the storage of nuclear waste. 1990 Nelson Mandela is elected deputy president of the African National Congress. 2007 The USA's Bush administration approved a new generation of nuclear warheads heralding the first nuclear weapons programme since the end of teh Cold War.
3rd
1638 The Franco-Swedish alliance was renewed for three years. 1846 Commencement of hostilities in the Hutt Valley
1861 Emancipation of Russian Serfs was proclaimed
1862 First meeting of Christchurch Municipal Council.1869 William Lanney (King Billy) the last full-blooded Aborigine in Tasmania, died.
1873 Hon. W. Fox appointed Premier on the resignation of Hon. G. Waterhouse
1918 Germany, Austria and Russia sign the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and so end Rissia's participation in WWI.
1931 The 'Star-Spangled Banner' became the official US national anthem.1941 Bulgaria signs the Tripartite Pact and becomes an ally of Nazi Germany but Bulgarian people continue their opposition.
1943 An accident at the Bethnal Green air raid shelter results in 178 people being killed.
1944 US Fighter planes first seen over Berlin during WWII.1963 The US announced that a project of launching a large manned spacelaboratory in orbit would follow the landing of men on the moon.
1986 Protestant militants riot in Belfast in protest at Anglo-Irish Accord.2001 Blisters on some Belgium pigs heralded that a foot and mouth disease scare in the UK had crossed into Europe. 2002 Swiss voters elected to become a member of the UN in a depature from the country's long standing position of isolationism and neutrality. 2004 The French Senate banned the wearing of Muslim head scarves in state schools.
4th
1461 Henry VI is deposed and succeeded by Edward IV in England's War of the Roses.
1681 King Charles II grants a Royal charter to William Penn to establish a colony in North America.
1855 Sheep rustler James McKenzie is caught.
1861 Abraham Lincoln is sworn in as the 16th US President.
1917 German army begins large withdrawal on Western Front, WWI.
1976 The Ulster Convntion is dissolved and Northern Ireland comes under direct rule from London.
1990 ANC loyalists overthrow the South African government in Ciskei.
5th
1770 The Boston Massacre occurred whern British soldiers who had been taunted by a crowd opened fire killing five people.1830 Outbreak of the 'girls' war' in Kororareka. 1931 Delhi Pact signed between British Viceroy and Gandhi in which a truce is agreed and civil disobedience discontinued.
1933 The Nazis Party wins almost half of the seats in German elections.
1946 The term 'iron curtain' was first used, by Winston Churchill, in a speech in the USA.1953 USSR dictator, Joseph Stalin died after 29 years in power.
1970 Nuclear non-proliferation treaty ratified by 43 nations and comes into effect.
6th
1857 The US Supreme Court ruled that Dred Scott, an escaped slave, could not sue for his freedom as he was property not a citizen.1944 First raid on Berlin by American bombers
1945 Cologne, in Germany falls to the United State's 1st Army. 1946 France recognises Vietnam as a free state within the Indochina Federation.
1965 US announces the first US ground troops sent to South Vietnam. The force consists of 3500 marines. 1967 Joseph Stalin's daughter, Svetlana Alliluyeva seeks asylum at the the US embassy in New Delhi. 1983 British diplomat turned Soviet spy, Donald McLean, died in Moscow. 1988 British SAS soldiers shot dead three suspected IRA terrorists in Gibralter.
7th
1842 Maketu hanged in Auckland.
1848 Suspension of Imperial Statute of that part of the NZ Government Act of 1846 which had conferred representative institutions.
1853 Assumption by George Grey of the duties of Governor of NZ after the passng of the Constitution Act.
1918 The Russian Blosheviks change their name to the Russian Communist Party
1936 Germany occupies the demilitarised zone in the Rhineland and in doing so breaches the Treaty of Versailles
1941 Italian occupied Abyssinia is invaded by British troops during WW2.
1945 Mandalay in Burma is entered by the British 14th Army
1945 US Troops gain a foothold in Germany across the Rhine River at Remagen.
1971 Swiss women fnally gain the right to vote and hold office.
8th
1859 First general Synod in Wellington
1859 Te teira offered to sell land at Waitara to the government
1917 The February Revolution began in Petrograd , Russia
1921 French troops occupy Dusseldorf and other towns on the Ruhr following Germany's failure to pay reparations agreed following WWI. 1930 Mahatma Gandhi leads a campaign of civil disobedience in India.
1942 Rangoon in Burma falls to Japanese forces.
1950 Soviets announce that they possess the atomic bomb
1961 South Africa announces, at Commonwealth Leaders' Conference, that it will leave the Commonwealth on May 31st.
1965 3,500 US marines landed in South Vietnam
1988 UN security Council condemns South Africa's ban on anti-apartheid organisations.
9th
1918 The Russian capital was transferred from Petrograd to Moscow.
1923 Lenin retired as Russian leader after a stroke and dies the following year.
1956 Death of Opo the Dolphin
1990 East and West Germany begin reunification talks
10th
1624 England declares war on Spain. 1629 England's Charles I dissolved the english parliament and did not recall it for eleven years.
1845 Kororareka attacked by Hone Heke and town destroyed.
1869 NZ Cross created - local military were not eligible for the Victoria Cross. Only 23 ever awarded. 1922 Mahatma Gandhi was arrested by the British Governors of India and imprisoned for six years for sedition.
1945 300 US B-29 bombers created a huge firestorm in Tokyo that resulted in the deaths of over 100,000 people.
1949 'Axis Sally', (Mildred Gillars) who broadcasted Nazi propaganda during WW2 was convicted and sentenced to twelve years in gaol.
1952 Former Cuban President Fulgencio Batista overthrows the government of Cuba and rules as a dictator for the next seven years.
1959 The Dali Lama leads a failed rebellion against Chinese rule and later flees into exile.
1969 James Earl Ray was sentenced to 99 years gaol for assassinating Martin Luther King.
1972 Lon Nol, the Cambodian Premier took over total control of the Cambodian government..
1974 A Japanese soldier was found hiding on Luband Island, in the Philippines waiting rescue by his own forces. He was unaware that the war had ended. 1975 North Vietnamese troops win most of the central highlands provincial capital of Ban Me Thuot in South Vietnam. 2003 North Korea test-fired a second missile over the Sea of Japan.
11th
1845 Kororareka flagstaff cut down for the fourth time by by Hone Heke.
1864 Four gold stampers made in Dunedin, left for Skippers by pack horses.1917 British forces enter Baghdad during WW1
1935 Goering officially creates the German Air Force called the Luftwaffe.
1941 Congress passes the lend-lease Bill, authorising huge loans to Britain to finance WW2 1985 Mikhail Gorbachev became leader of the USSR
1942 General Douglas MacArthur departs from the Phillipines in the face of Japanese advances, vowing to 'return'.
1985 Mikhail Gorbachev becomes Soviet President replacing the late Konstantin Chernenko.
12th
1854 James O'Farrell attempted to shoot the Duke of Edinburgh, Prince Abert during a tour of Sydney.1930 Mahatma Gandhi started a civil disobedience campaign in India against the British. 1945 Anne Frank dies in Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in Germany, aged 15 years. 1988 The South African government banned a church-led opposition group headed by Archbishop Desmond Tutu calling it a threat to public safety. 2001 A US navy jet mistakenly bombed a group of personnel at a Kuwaiti military range killing five Americans and a New Zealander.
13th
1858 Gold brought to Dunedin from the Dunstan Ranges1865 57th Regiment moved to Kakaramea. Engagement with Maori at Patea. 1869 Attack and defeat of Titokowara's force at Otauto 1869 Rabbits first reported a nuisance in Southland 1881 Russia's Tsar Alexander II was assassinated and succeeded by Alexander III. 1906 Susan B Anthony, a pioneer of US women's suffrage, died. 1943 A plot to kill Adolph Hitler, by planting bomb in his plane, failed when the device failed to detonate. 
14th
1689 Convention Parliament met in Scotland
1689 William and Mary proclaimed King and Queen of England. 1872 Release of remaining Maori prisoners at Dunedin
1883 Karl Marx dies in London
1915 The Royal navy sank the German cruiser, Dresden 1917 During WW1, China severed diplomatic ties with Germany
1942 Australians required to carry identity cards in WW2.
1945 The 9988kg 'Grand Slam' the heaviest bomb of WW2 was dropped on the German railway viaduct in Bielefeld.
1964 Jack Ruby is found guilty of killing Oswald, who assassinated J. F. Kennedy.
1991 'Birmingham 6' freed from prison after being wrongly convicted of bombing a pub and serving 16 years imprisonment.
15th
44BC Julius Caesar assassinated on Senate steps.
1907 Eight Chamois arrive in Wellington after being presented by Franz Joseph, Emperor of Austria.
1917 Tsar Nicholas II of Russia abdicates and his brother succeeds him.
1939 Germany invades Czechoslovakia (Československo)as its army crosses the Rhine.
1943 Darwin attacked by Japanese planes during WW2.
1969 Soviet and Chinese forces confront each other along the border of the two countries.
1995 Mississippi becomes the last state to abolish slavery when it formally ratifies the 13th Amendment.
16th
1968 American platoon massacres 500 civilians at the village of Mai Lai in Vietnam
17th
464 Death of St Patrick of Ireland. 1860 Commemcement of hostilities in Taranaki against Kingi te Rangitake over land at Waitara. 1200 people flee to Nelson.
1864 Arthurs Pass discovered by Arthur Dobson
1939 British Prime Minister accuses Hitler of breaking his word as German troops invade Czech border.
1944 Allied bombing of Austria begins.
1959 Large scale protests against Chinese occupation begins in Tibet resulting in the Dalai Lama fleeing.
1962 The USSR demands the withdrawal of US troops from Vietnam after denouncing the US of waging an undeclared war.
1968 Violent anti-Vietnam War protests take place outside the US embassy in London.
1969 Golda Meir becomes prime minister of Israel.
1992 White voters vote overwhelmingly to end apartheid in South Africa.
18th
1860 Maori pa at Waitara captured.
1914 Fourteen suffragettes arrested in Perth for wearing unsheathed hatpins.
1969 US President Nixon orders secret bombing of Cambodia.
19th
1918 US Congress enacts daylight saving during WW1 as an energy saving measure.
1920 US refuses to sign Treaty of Versailles and join League of Nations. 1930 Viscount Bledisloe appointed Governor-General.
20th
1916 Allies agree to partition of Turkey. 1933 First concentration camp at Dachau, Germany.
1990 Namibia gains independence from South Africa.
21st
1556 Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer burned at the stake as a heretic.
1849 Eight hours system of labour established in Dunedin. 1871 Bismarch opens first Reichstag in German Reich.
1917 Russian Tsar Nicholas II and his family arrested by revolutionary forces. 1927 Nationalist forces of Chiang Kai-Shek take Shanghai in China
1933 Hitler opens his first Reichstag in Germany.
1960 South African police fire on a demonstartion opposing pass laws in Transvaal. Almost 70 people are killed and 180 wounded in what became the Sharpville Massacre.
1979 Egyptian parliament approves peace treaty with Israel.
22nd
1794 US Congress passes law prohibiting American ships from supplying slaves to other countries 1897 Federal convention starts in Adelaide to start the process of establishing Commonwealth of Australia
23rd
1848 The first Scottish settlers for Dunedin arrive in Port Chalmers on board the ship 'John Wickliffe'.
1866 West Coast Road from Christchurch to Hokitika opened. 1869 Bishop Pompallier resignes as Catholic Bishop of Auckland 1918 Big Bertha, the giant german gun shells Paris from 120km away . 1919 Benito Mussolini founds fascist movement in Italy
24th
1603 Elizabeth I dies and James VI of Scotland accedes to the throne as James I uniting thrones of England and Scotland.
1875 Sir George Grey elected Superintendent of Auckland Province. 1874 Start of 18,324 immigrants introduced under the Immigration and Public Works policy.
25th
1807 Britain abolishes the slave trade.
1870 Major Keepa with Maori force captured the position held by Te Kooti at Maraetahi in Ureweras. Nineteen defenders killed and 73 of Te Kooti's men taken prisoner. Te Kooti escaped with 20 followers.
1941 Yugoslavia joins the Rome-Tokyo-Berlin Alliance during WW2.
1957 The Treaty of Rome is signed between Belgium, France, West Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands creating a common European market and later the EU.
1965 Martin Luther King leads 25 000 marchers to Montgomery, Alabama, to protest the denial of voting rights to blacks.
1996 Britain, France and the USA sign the South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty.
26th
1855 W. F. Massey born in Ireland. 1870 Start of San Fransisco mail service
1874 Railway from Auckland to Otahuhu opened.
1942 Nazi Germany starts sending Jews to Auschwitz concentration camp in Poland.
1945 The battle of Iwo Jima in the Pacific ends with about 22,000 Japanese losses and 4,000 US troop deaths.
1979 Camp David treaty signed between Israel's Begin and Egypt's Sadat, the first such treaty between the two countries.
27th
1703 Peter the Great founds St Petersburg
18 First direct wool ship left Lyttlton for London
1858 First sitting of Supreme Court in Dunedin
1940 NZ's first Labour PM Michael Joseph Savage dies of cancer
1941 Yugoslavia's Prince Paul is deposed in a coup following a pact with Hitler. 1945 Germany fires its last V2 rocket from the Hague. It hits in South-east London. 1976 South African withdraws its trops from Angola.
28th
1860 Engagement at Waireka.
1861 Otago Provincial Superintendent, Mr Macandrew removed from office by Governor Browne. Macandrew's house (where he was confined) was declared not to be a gaol and he was taken to the common gaol.
1939 Madrid surrenders to General Franco, ending the Spanish Civil War.
1967 UN Secretary-general U Thant proposes truce for Vietnam war.
29th
1461 Towton, the bloodiest battle of the war of the Roses occurs near York. The victory of the Yorkists secures the throne for Edward IV. 1866 Peace with Te Heu Heu established at Taupo. 1971 US Lt. William Calley convicted of murdersing civilians at My Lai massacre in Vietnam .
1973 Last American and Australian troops leave Vietnam
2000 US Army report shows link between Agent Orange and diabetes in American veterans in Vietnam War.
30th
1866 57th Regiment left NZ for Britain 1867 America buys Alaska from Russia for US$7.2 million.
1905 Greeks in Crete revolt against Turkish rule
1933 National Coalition formed by Hertzog in South Africa. this is joined by Jan Smuts. 1942 Rationing of tea, sugar and butter begins in Australia. 1945 A Messerschmidtt Me 262a-1 plane falls into American hands after a German pilot defects. 1945 Soviet troops enter Austria.
1992 UN starts return of 370, 000 refugees to Cambodia.
31st
1770 Captain Cook leaves New Zealand and heads west.
1870 Thomas Mundy is first black to vote in America 1905 Kaiser William II visits Tangiers thereby sparking the first Moroccan crisis.
1936 Britain and France promise to support Poland if that country is invaded.
1955 The Chinese Communist Part begins a purge.
1959 The Dalai Lama is granted asylum in India after fleeing Chinese retaliation to an uprising in Tibet
1991 The Warsaw Pact, between Eastern European powers and the Soviet Union, ceased.
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